The Battle of Vicksburg- Mississippi May 18 to July 4, 1863 This was the peak of a military campaign by the Union to have a key strategy to win the Civil War. President Lincoln stated the significance of the battle, "Vicksburg is the key, the war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket." The Union needed to win this war because it would not let the Confederacy capture the land east of the Mississippi River. The battle ended with a Union victory.